Network Slicing and Non-Public Networks (NPNs) are distinct approaches in 5G networking, catering to different needs. Here's a comparison:

• Use Case Versatility:

  Network Slicing enables a single public 5G network to support a wide range of services by creating multiple virtual slices, each optimized for specific requirements such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC). This allows operators to serve diverse industries—like automotive, healthcare, and smart cities—on shared infrastructure, efficiently addressing different service needs without deploying separate physical networks.

  NPNs (Non-Public Networks) are designed for organizations that require a fully isolated and dedicated network environment. These are typically deployed in locations such as factories, airports, campuses, or utilities, where public network resources may not meet strict operational, security, or regulatory requirements. NPNs provide organizations with the ability to customize the network for highly specialized use cases, such as industrial automation, mission-critical communications, or environments with unique coverage needs.

• Resource Allocation:

  Network Slicing allows multiple virtual networks (slices) to share the same physical infrastructure and spectrum. Resources are dynamically allocated to each slice based on demand and service-level agreements (SLAs), enabling efficient use of network assets. However, since slices coexist on shared infrastructure, there may be competition for resources during peak times, and overall performance can be influenced by the operator’s resource management policies.

  NPNs are provisioned with dedicated spectrum, hardware, and core network resources. This ensures predictable performance, consistent quality of service, and eliminates resource contention with public users. Organizations can reserve capacity exclusively for their own applications, which is especially important for latency-sensitive or mission-critical operations.

• Control and Security:

  Network Slicing provides logical isolation and robust security controls within a public network. Slices can be customized for security, quality of service, and access policies, but ultimate authority and management remain with the mobile network operator. While this model offers flexibility, organizations must rely on the operator’s security practices and may have limited visibility or control over certain aspects of the network.

  NPNs offer a higher level of control and security, as the owning organization manages the entire network, including authentication, encryption, access policies, and monitoring. This end-to-end control makes NPNs ideal for sensitive applications, regulatory compliance, and environments where data privacy and sovereignty are paramount. Organizations can implement custom security measures tailored to their specific needs.

• Deployment and Management:

  Network Slicing is typically deployed and managed by the mobile network operator. Service customers must coordinate with the operator to define requirements, integrate with enterprise IT systems, and ensure compliance with SLAs. This can add complexity, especially for organizations with specialized needs or strict integration requirements.

  NPNs are deployed as private or hybrid networks, giving the organization direct control over network configuration, maintenance, and upgrades. This autonomy allows for rapid adaptation to business needs, custom feature deployment, and integration with on-premises systems. However, it also places greater responsibility for network management, security, and troubleshooting on the organization itself.

• Regulatory and Spectrum Considerations:

  Network Slicing operates within the spectrum and regulatory framework managed by the public network operator. Organizations leveraging slices must comply with the operator’s policies and national regulations, which may limit certain customizations or use cases.

  NPNs may use licensed, shared, or unlicensed spectrum, depending on local regulations. Some countries allocate specific spectrum bands for private networks, enabling organizations to deploy NPNs independently of public operators. This flexibility can be crucial for industries with unique regulatory or operational requirements.

The choice between network slicing and NPNs depends on the specific requirements such as control, security, performance, and customization needed.

Further Readings

• Network Slicing
• NPN (Non-Public Network)/Private Network