Cellular technology is a popular choice for IoT connectivity because it provides reliable, long-range communication that can cover different environments, from urban areas to remote locations. Several types of cellular technologies have been developed to meet the specific needs of IoT applications, focusing on aspects like power consumption, data rate requirements, and device complexity.
Types of Cellular Technology Used for IoT:
- LTE-M (Long Term Evolution for Machines): LTE-M is part of the LTE standard designed specifically for IoT. It supports low power consumption and provides extended coverage while allowing IoT devices to directly communicate over the cellular network without the need for a gateway. LTE-M is ideal for applications that require mobility, voice over data, and moderate data rates.
- NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT): NB-IoT is another LTE standard but is optimized for applications that need to transmit small amounts of data over long periods. It uses a narrow bandwidth which provides excellent penetration and coverage for indoor and underground use. NB-IoT is highly efficient in power usage and cost, making it suitable for static, remote applications such as metering and sensor monitoring.
- EC-GSM-IoT (Extended Coverage GSM IoT): This technology enhances the existing GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) technology to provide better energy efficiency and deeper coverage. It is designed to support IoT applications in regions where GSM is still widely used but needs an upgrade to support IoT connectivity.
- 5G NR (New Radio): 5G technology is set to transform IoT with its high data rates, reduced latency, and capacity to connect massively scaled IoT networks. 5G is ideal for more complex IoT applications that require real-time data transmission, such as autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and smart city technologies.