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Linux

Special Files/Directories

Followings are directories and files that are performing special roles. These are normally doing their jobs in the background. So you may have not recognized it, but they are very important.

inittab

: This is the example contents of inittab that came with the Linux (Debian) running on Beaglebone. This file is used in Step 4 of the process described in Boot Sequence page.

# /etc/inittab: init(8) configuration.

# $Id: inittab,v 1.91 2002/01/25 13:35:21 miquels Exp $

# The default runlevel.

id:2:initdefault:

# Boot-time system configuration/initialization script.

# This is run first except when booting in emergency (-b) mode.

si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

# What to do in single-user mode.

~~:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin

# /etc/init.d executes the S and K scripts upon change

# of runlevel.

# Runlevel 0 is halt.

# Runlevel 1 is single-user.

# Runlevels 2-5 are multi-user.

# Runlevel 6 is reboot.

l0:0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0

l1:1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1

l2:2:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 2

l3:3:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 3

l4:4:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 4

l5:5:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 5

l6:6:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 6

# Normally not reached, but fallthrough in case of emergency.

z6:6:respawn:/sbin/sulogin

# What to do when CTRL-ALT-DEL is pressed.

ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

# Action on special keypress (ALT-UpArrow).

#kb::kbrequest:/bin/echo "Keyboard Request--edit /etc/inittab to let this work."

# What to do when the power fails/returns.

pf::powerwait:/etc/init.d/powerfail start

pn::powerfailnow:/etc/init.d/powerfail now

po::powerokwait:/etc/init.d/powerfail stop

# /sbin/getty invocations for the runlevels.

# The "id" field MUST be the same as the last

# characters of the device (after "tty").

# Format:

# <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>

# Note that on most Debian systems tty7 is used by the X Window System,

# so if you want to add more getty's go ahead but skip tty7 if you run X.

1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1

2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2

3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3

4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4

5:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5

6:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6

# Example how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)

#T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100

#T1:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100

# Example how to put a getty on a modem line.

#T3:23:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS3

T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyO0 115200 vt102

init

: this directory (/etc/init for Ubuntu) contains the configuration files for all the services and applications. it may be located in somewhere else in other Linux varient.

: This file is used in Step 7 of the process described in Boot Sequence page.

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 320 Dec 8 2011 acpid.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 268 Apr 4 2012 alsa-restore.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 267 Apr 4 2012 alsa-store.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 278 Jun 20 2010 anacron.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1309 Jan 2 15:35 apport.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261 Oct 25 2011 atd.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 541 Oct 17 2011 avahi-daemon.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1009 Mar 7 2012 bluetooth.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 266 Apr 16 2012 console.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 509 Dec 21 2010 console-setup.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1122 Apr 16 2012 container-detect.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 356 Apr 16 2012 control-alt-delete.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 297 Apr 2 2012 cron.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1814 Dec 12 2012 cups.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 510 Jan 10 2012 dbus.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 273 Mar 30 2012 dmesg.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1377 Apr 16 2012 failsafe.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 380 Aug 30 2011 failsafe-x.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 267 Apr 16 2012 flush-early-job-log.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1247 Mar 14 2012 friendly-recovery.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 317 May 26 2011 hostname.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 557 Mar 30 2012 hwclock.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 444 Mar 30 2012 hwclock-save.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 131 Sep 28 2012 hybrid-gfx.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 571 Feb 4 2012 irqbalance.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1324 May 16 18:18 lightdm.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 349 Mar 24 2012 modemmanager.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 367 Mar 18 2011 module-init-tools.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 943 Apr 12 2012 mountall.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 349 Apr 12 2012 mountall-net.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261 Apr 12 2012 mountall-reboot.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1201 Apr 12 2012 mountall-shell.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 405 Apr 12 2012 mounted-debugfs.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 550 Apr 12 2012 mounted-dev.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 480 Apr 12 2012 mounted-proc.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 610 Apr 12 2012 mounted-run.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1890 Apr 12 2012 mounted-tmp.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 903 Apr 12 2012 mounted-var.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 388 Apr 4 2012 networking.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 803 Apr 4 2012 network-interface.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 523 Apr 4 2012 network-interface-container.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1603 Apr 4 2012 network-interface-security.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 568 Oct 10 2012 network-manager.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 534 Sep 12 2012 passwd.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 971 Nov 9 2011 plymouth.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 326 Mar 26 2010 plymouth-log.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 647 May 3 03:49 plymouth-ready.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 899 Mar 18 2011 plymouth-splash.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 800 Apr 13 2012 plymouth-stop.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 367 Jan 25 2011 plymouth-upstart-bridge.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 363 Dec 5 2011 procps.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 454 Apr 16 2012 rc.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 705 Apr 16 2012 rcS.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1543 Apr 16 2012 rc-sysinit.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 457 Mar 29 2012 resolvconf.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 597 Mar 22 2012 rfkill-restore.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 469 Mar 22 2012 rfkill-store.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 426 Mar 30 2012 rsyslog.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230 Mar 18 2011 setvtrgb.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 277 Apr 16 2012 shutdown.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 348 Apr 16 2012 tty1.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 333 Apr 16 2012 tty2.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 333 Apr 16 2012 tty3.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 333 Apr 16 2012 tty4.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 232 Apr 16 2012 tty5.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 232 Apr 16 2012 tty6.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 322 Dec 16 2011 udev.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 637 Apr 4 2012 udev-fallback-graphics.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 769 Aug 22 2011 udev-finish.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 356 Sep 29 2011 udevmonitor.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 352 Apr 4 2012 udevtrigger.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 473 Apr 5 2012 ufw.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 329 Apr 16 2012 upstart-socket-bridge.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 553 Apr 16 2012 upstart-udev-bridge.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 889 Feb 3 2012 ureadahead.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 683 Feb 3 2012 ureadahead-other.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 737 Jan 2 2012 vsftpd.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1481 Apr 16 2012 wait-for-state.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 362 Apr 18 2012 whoopsie.conf

init.d

: the files (executables) located in this directory automatically runs at startup. In Ubuntu, init.d is under /etc.. it may be located in somewhere else in other Linux varient. It contains a number of start/stop scripts for various services on your system.

: '.d' here indicate 'directory'. Technically this suffix is not necessary because whether something is directory or a file is determined by the propery, but sometimes they put '.d' to make it easily recognizable.

: This file is used in Step 5 of the process described in Boot Sequence page.

Example :

Following is the result of 'ls /etc/init.d -al' on my Ubuntu

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 acpid -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 652 Jan 4 2010 acpi-support

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Mar 28 17:54 alsa-restore -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Mar 28 17:54 alsa-store -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 anacron -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7621 Feb 6 2012 apache2 <-- web server

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4596 Sep 25 2012 apparmor

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Apr 11 13:15 apport -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 atd -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 avahi-daemon -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 bluetooth -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2444 Apr 14 2012 bootlogd

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2125 Mar 1 2011 brltty

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 console-setup -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 cron -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 13 11:06 cups -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 dbus -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 9 18:46 dmesg -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1242 Dec 13 2011 dns-clean

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 9 17:40 failsafe-x -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 friendly-recovery -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1105 Jan 22 14:05 grub-common

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1329 Apr 14 2012 halt

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 hostname -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 hwclock -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 hwclock-save -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 irqbalance -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1893 Apr 18 2012 kerneloops

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1293 Apr 14 2012 killprocs

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 13 17:07 .legacy-bootordering

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 16 18:19 lightdm -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 modemmanager -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 module-init-tools -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2797 Feb 13 2012 networking

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 network-interface -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 network-interface-container -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 network-interface-security -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 network-manager -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 882 Apr 14 2012 ondemand

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2443 Jul 3 2011 openbsd-inetd <-- telnet server

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 passwd -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 16 18:12 plymouth -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 16 18:12 plymouth-log -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 16 18:12 plymouth-ready -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 16 18:12 plymouth-splash -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 16 18:12 plymouth-stop -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 16 18:12 plymouth-upstart-bridge -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 561 Feb 4 2011 pppd-dns

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 procps -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2180 Dec 6 2012 pulseaudio

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8635 Jul 26 2012 rc

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 801 Apr 14 2012 rc.local

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 117 Jul 26 2012 rcS

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2427 Jul 26 2012 README

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 639 Apr 14 2012 reboot

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 resolvconf -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 rfkill-restore -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 rfkill-store -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4395 Nov 8 2011 rsync

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 9 18:46 rsyslog -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2344 Dec 4 2011 saned

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4321 Apr 14 2012 sendsigs

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 setvtrgb -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 590 Apr 14 2012 single

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4304 Jul 26 2012 skeleton

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2107 May 15 2011 speech-dispatcher

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 567 Apr 14 2012 stop-bootlogd

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1143 Apr 14 2012 stop-bootlogd-single

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 700 Oct 26 2011 sudo

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Mar 11 18:09 udev -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Mar 11 18:09 udev-fallback-graphics -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Mar 11 18:09 udov-finish -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Mar 11 18:09 udevmonitor -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Mar 11 18:09 udevtrigger -> /lib/init/upstart-job

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 ufw -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2800 Apr 14 2012 umountfs

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2211 Apr 14 2012 umountnfs.sh

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2926 Apr 14 2012 umountroot

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1039 Nov 9 2011 unattended-upgrades

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1985 Apr 14 2012 urandom

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Mar 29 2012 vsftpd -> /lib/init/upstart-job <-- ftp server

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 whoopsie -> /lib/init/upstart-job

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2666 Mar 22 2012 x11-common

rc.local

: This is a script file which is located in init.d directory. It usually run after all other service/executables in init.d execute. This file can be a best one in which you put your own stuffs to do something (e.g, run an executable, mounting instruction) during the startup.

: script is executed by the init command at boot time or when changing runlevels. Adding commands to the bottom of this script is an easy way to perform necessary tasks like starting special services or initialize devices without writing complex initialization scripts in the /etc/rc.d/init.d/ directory and creating symbolic links

: rc stands for 'run command'.. basically it implies this file would contain a bunch of shellscript

Example :

Following is the rc.local in my Ubuntu. This is default contents and I haven't put anything on my own yet.

#! /bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO

# Provides: rc.local

# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog $all

# Required-Stop:

# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5

# Default-Stop:

# Short-Description: Run /etc/rc.local if it exist

### END INIT INFO

PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin

. /lib/init/vars.sh

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

do_start() {

if [ -x /etc/rc.local ]; then

[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_begin_msg "Running local boot scrips (/etc/rc.local)"

/etc/rc.local

ES=$?

[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg $ES

return $ES

}

case "$1" in

start)

do_start

;;

restart|reload|force-reload)

echo "Error: argument '$1' not supported" >&2

exit 3

;;

stop)

;;

echo "Usage: $0 start|stop" >&2

exit 3

;;

esac

: rc stands for 'run command'.. basically it implies this file would contain a bunch of shellscript

: This script runs various scripts based on run level. It configure the script differently based on rc0.d .. rc6.d. The number 0..6 here indicate the run level.

: This file is used in Step 6 of the process described in Boot Sequence page.

#! /bin/sh

# rc

# Starts/stops services on runlevel changes.

# Optimization: A start script is not run when the service was already

# configured to run in the previous runlevel. A stop script is not run

# when the the service was already configured not to run in the previous

# runlevel.

# Authors:

# Miquel van Smoorenburg <miquels@cistron.nl>

# Bruce Perens <Bruce@Pixar.com>

PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin

export PATH

# Un-comment the following for interactive debugging. Do not un-comment

# this for debugging a real boot process as no scripts will be executed.

# debug=echo

# Specify method used to enable concurrent init.d scripts.

# Valid options are 'none' and 'makefile'. Obsolete options

# used earlier are 'shell' and 'startpar'. The obsolete options

# are aliases for 'makefile' since 2010-05-14. The default since

# the same date is 'makefile', as the init.d scripts in Debian now

# include dependency information and are ordered using this

# information. See insserv for information on dependency based

# boot sequencing.

CONCURRENCY=makefile

# Make sure the name survive changing the argument list

scriptname="$0"

umask 022

on_exit() {

echo "error: '$scriptname' exited outside the expected code flow."

}

trap on_exit EXIT # Enable emergency handler

# Ignore CTRL-C only in this shell, so we can interrupt subprocesses.

trap ":" INT QUIT TSTP

# Set onlcr to avoid staircase effect.

stty onlcr 0>&1

# Functions for splash progress bars

if [ -e /lib/init/splash-functions-base ] ; then

. /lib/init/splash-functions-base

else

# Quiet down script if old initscripts version without /lib/init/splash-

functions-base is used.

splash_progress() { return 1; }

splash_stop() { return 1; }

# Now find out what the current and what the previous runlevel are.

runlevel=$RUNLEVEL

# Get first argument. Set new runlevel to this argument.

[ "$1" != "" ] && runlevel=$1

if [ "$runlevel" = "" ]

then

echo "Usage: $scriptname <runlevel>" >&2

exit 1

previous=$PREVLEVEL

[ "$previous" = "" ] && previous=N

export runlevel previous

if [ -f /etc/default/rcS ] ; then

. /etc/default/rcS

export VERBOSE

if [ -f /lib/lsb/init-functions ] ; then

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

else

log_action_msg() { echo $@; }

log_failure_msg() { echo $@; }

log_warning_msg() { echo $@; }

# Stub to do progress bar ticks (for splash programs) on startup

startup_progress() {

# Avoid divide by zero if anyone moved xdm/kdm/gdm first in a runlevel.

if [ 0 -eq "$num_steps" ] ; then return; fi

step=$(($step + $step_change))

progress=$(($step * $progress_size / $num_steps + $first_step))

$debug splash_progress "$progress" || true

}

# Check if we are able to use make like booting. It require the

# insserv package to be enabled. Boot concurrency also requires

# startpar to be installed.

if [ "none" != "$CONCURRENCY" ] ; then

test -s /etc/init.d/.depend.boot || CONCURRENCY="none"

test -s /etc/init.d/.depend.start || CONCURRENCY="none"

test -s /etc/init.d/.depend.stop || CONCURRENCY="none"

if test -e /etc/init.d/.legacy-bootordering ; then

CONCURRENCY="none"

startpar -v > /dev/null 2>&1 || CONCURRENCY="none"

# Start script or program.

case "$CONCURRENCY" in

makefile|startpar|shell) # startpar and shell are obsolete

CONCURRENCY=makefile

log_action_msg "Using makefile-style concurrent boot in runlevel

$runlevel"

# The splash API is not handled with this CONCURRENCY mode.

# It need to be implented in startpar. Until that is done

# stop the splash screen before starting services, to avoid

# usplash and X to confuse each other during boot.

startup() {

if [ start = "$1" ] || [ boot = "$1" ]

then

$debug splash_stop || true

eval "$(startpar -p 4 -t 20 -T 3 -M $1 -P $previous -R $runlevel)"

if [ -n "$failed_service" ]

then

log_failure_msg "startpar: service(s) returned failure: $failed_service"

if [ -n "$skipped_service" ]

then

log_warning_msg "startpar: service(s) skipped: $skipped_service"

unset failed_service skipped_service

}

;;

none|*)

startup() {

action=$1

shift

scripts="$@"

for script in $scripts ; do

$debug "$script" $action

startup_progress

done

}

;;

esac

# Check if the splash screen should be stopped before the given

# script.

is_splash_stop_scripts() {

scriptname=$1

case "$scriptname" in

# killprocs is used in runlevel 1

return 0

;;

esac

return 1

}

# Is there an rc directory for this new runlevel?

if [ -d /etc/rc$runlevel.d ]

then

# Find out where in the progress bar the initramfs got to.

PROGRESS_STATE=0

if [ -f /dev/.initramfs/progress_state ]; then

. /dev/.initramfs/progress_state

# Split the remaining portion of the progress bar into thirds

progress_size=$(((100 - $PROGRESS_STATE) / 3))

case "$runlevel" in

0|6)

ACTION=stop

# Count down from 0 to -100 and use the entire bar

first_step=0

progress_size=100

step_change=-1

;;

ACTION=start

# Begin where the initramfs left off and use 2/3

# of the remaining space

first_step=$PROGRESS_STATE

progress_size=$(($progress_size * 2))

step_change=1

;;

ACTION=start

# Begin where rcS left off and use the final 1/3 of

# the space (by leaving progress_size unchanged)

first_step=$(($progress_size * 2 + $PROGRESS_STATE))

step_change=1

;;

esac

# Count the number of scripts we need to run

# (for progress bars)

num_steps=0

for s in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/[SK]*; do

if is_splash_stop_scripts "${s##/etc/rc$runlevel.d/S??}" ; then

break

num_steps=$(($num_steps + 1))

done

step=0

# First, run the KILL scripts.

if [ makefile = "$CONCURRENCY" ]

then

if [ "$ACTION" = "start" ] && [ "$previous" != N ]

then

startup stop

elif [ "$previous" != N ]

then

# Run all scripts with the same level in parallel

CURLEVEL=""

for s in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/K*

# Extract order value from symlink

level=${s#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/K}

level=${level%%[a-zA-Z]*}

if [ "$level" = "$CURLEVEL" ]

then

continue

CURLEVEL=$level

SCRIPTS=""

for i in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/K$level*

# Check if the script is there.

[ ! -f $i ] && continue

# Find stop script in previous runlevel but

# no start script there.

suffix=${i#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/K[0-9][0-9]}

previous_stop=/etc/rc$previous.d/K[0-9][0-9]$suffix

previous_start=/etc/rc$previous.d/S[0-9][0-9]$suffix

# If there is a stop script in the previous level

# and _no_ start script there, we don't

# have to re-stop the service.

[ -f $previous_stop ] && [ ! -f $previous_start] && continue

# Stop the service.

SCRIPTS="$SCRIPTS $i"

if is_splash_stop_scripts "$suffix" ; then

$debug splash_stop || true

done

startup stop $SCRIPTS

done

if [ makefile = "$CONCURRENCY" ]

then

if [ S = "$runlevel" ]

then

startup boot

else

startup $ACTION

else

# Now run the START scripts for this runlevel.

# Run all scripts with the same level in parallel

CURLEVEL=""

for s in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/S*

# Extract order value from symlink

level=${s#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/S}

level=${level%%[a-zA-Z]*}

if [ "$level" = "$CURLEVEL" ]

then

continue

CURLEVEL=$level

SCRIPTS=""

for i in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/S$level*

[ ! -f $i ] && continue

suffix=${i#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/S[0-9][0-9]}

if [ "$previous" != N ]

then

# Find start script in previous runlevel and

# stop script in this runlevel.

stop=/etc/rc$runlevel.d/K[0-9][0-9]$suffix

previous_start=/etc/rc$previous.d/S[0-9][0-9]$suffix

# If there is a start script in the previous level

# and _no_ stop script in this level, we don't

# have to re-start the service.

if [ start = "$ACTION" ] ; then

[ -f $previous_start ] && [ ! -f $stop ] && continue

else

# Workaround for the special

# handling of runlevels 0 and 6.

previous_stop=/etc/rc$previous.d/K[0-9][0-9]$suffix

# If there is a stop script in the previous level

# and _no_ start script there, we don't

# have to re-stop the service.

[ -f $previous_stop ] && [ ! -f $previous_start ] && continue

SCRIPTS="$SCRIPTS $i"

if is_splash_stop_scripts "$suffix" ; then

$debug splash_stop || true

done

startup $ACTION $SCRIPTS

done

trap - EXIT # Disable emergency handler

exit 0

rc0.d

: rc stands for 'run command'.. '.d' indicate it is a directory. So, rc0.d indicate that it is a directory that contains a bunch of rc files.

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jun 25 00:46 K09apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 May 30 09:48 K10unattended-upgrades -> ../init.d/unattended-upgrades

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Jun 19 08:47 K20openbsd-inetd -> ../init.d/openbsd-inetd

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 May 30 09:48 K20speech-dispatcher -> ../init.d/speech-dispatcher

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 353 Jul 26 2012 README

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 May 30 09:48 S20sendsigs -> ../init.d/sendsigs

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 May 30 09:48 S30urandom -> ../init.d/urandom

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 May 30 09:48 S31umountnfs.sh -> ../init.d/umountnfs.sh

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 May 30 09:48 S35networking -> ../init.d/networking

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 May 30 09:48 S40umountfs -> ../init.d/umountfs

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 May 30 09:48 S60umountroot -> ../init.d/umountroot

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 May 30 09:48 S90halt -> ../init.d/halt

rc1.d

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jun 25 00:46 K09apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 May 30 09:48 K15pulseaudio -> ../init.d/pulseaudio

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 May 30 09:48 K20acpi-support -> ../init.d/acpi-support

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 May 30 09:48 K20kerneloops -> ../init.d/kerneloops

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Jun 19 08:47 K20openbsd-inetd -> ../init.d/openbsd-inetd

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 May 30 09:48 K20saned -> ../init.d/saned

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 May 30 09:48 K20speech-dispatcher -> ../init.d/speech-dispatcher

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 369 Jul 26 2012 README

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 May 30 09:48 S30killprocs -> ../init.d/killprocs

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 May 30 09:48 S70dns-clean -> ../init.d/dns-clean

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 May 30 09:48 S70pppd-dns -> ../init.d/pppd-dns

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 May 30 09:48 S90single -> ../init.d/single

rc2.d

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 677 Jul 26 2012 README

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 May 30 09:48 S20kerneloops -> ../init.d/kerneloops

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Jun 19 08:47 S20openbsd-inetd -> ../init.d/openbsd-inetd

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 May 30 09:48 S20speech-dispatcher -> ../init.d/speech-dispatcher

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 May 30 09:48 S50pulseaudio -> ../init.d/pulseaudio

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 May 30 09:48 S50rsync -> ../init.d/rsync

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 May 30 09:48 S50saned -> ../init.d/saned

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 May 30 09:48 S70dns-clean -> ../init.d/dns-clean

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 May 30 09:48 S70pppd-dns -> ../init.d/pppd-dns

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 May 30 02:49 S75sudo -> ../init.d/sudo

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jun 25 00:46 S91apache2 -> ../init.d/apache2

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 May 30 09:48 S99acpi-support -> ../init.d/acpi-support

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 30 09:48 S99grub-common -> ../init.d/grub-common

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 May 30 09:48 S99ondemand -> ../init.d/ondemand

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 May 30 09:48 S99rc.local -> ../init.d/rc.local

rc3.d